Glossary · Product

Minimum Viable Product (MVP)

An MVP is the smallest product that lets you learn the most about customers with the least effort.

Quick definition

An MVP is the smallest product that lets you learn the most about customers with the least effort.

Definition

Coined by Eric Ries in The Lean Startup, an MVP is a learning tool, not a stripped-down product. Its purpose is to test the riskiest assumption in your business as quickly and cheaply as possible. The strongest MVPs are often not software: landing pages, concierge services, Wizard-of-Oz prototypes, and manual back-ends beat premature engineering.

Worked example

Airbnb's MVP was a single page listing three air mattresses in the founders' apartment during a design conference. Zappos' MVP was a website where Nick Swinmurn manually bought and shipped shoes from local stores after each order.

Common mistakes

  • Building 'MVP as small v1' — shipping a scaled-down product with the same architecture as the full vision.
  • Adding features to make the MVP 'good enough' — this defeats the purpose of speed to learning.
  • Skipping the learning step: no customer interviews, no feedback loop, no hypothesis tracked.

Frequently asked questions

Days to weeks — not months. If it takes months, the scope is wrong.

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